| rfc9913v2.txt | rfc9913.txt | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| skipping to change at line 12 ¶ | skipping to change at line 12 ¶ | |||
| Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Thubert, Ed. | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Thubert, Ed. | |||
| Request for Comments: 9913 Independent | Request for Comments: 9913 Independent | |||
| Category: Informational D. Cavalcanti | Category: Informational D. Cavalcanti | |||
| ISSN: 2070-1721 Intel | ISSN: 2070-1721 Intel | |||
| X. Vilajosana | X. Vilajosana | |||
| Universitat Oberta de Catalunya | Universitat Oberta de Catalunya | |||
| C. Schmitt | C. Schmitt | |||
| Research Institute CODE, UniBw M | Research Institute CODE, UniBw M | |||
| J. Farkas | J. Farkas | |||
| Ericsson | Ericsson | |||
| February 2026 | April 2026 | |||
| Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) Technologies | Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) Technologies | |||
| Abstract | Abstract | |||
| This document surveys the short- and middle-range radio technologies | This document surveys the short- and middle-range radio technologies | |||
| over which providing Deterministic Networking (DetNet), and more | over which providing Deterministic Networking (DetNet), and more | |||
| specifically, Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) service is | specifically, Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) service is | |||
| suitable. It also presents the characteristics that RAW may leverage | suitable. It also presents the characteristics that RAW may leverage | |||
| and explores the applicability of the technologies to carry | and explores the applicability of the technologies to carry | |||
| skipping to change at line 355 ¶ | skipping to change at line 355 ¶ | |||
| Wireless LAN, Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN), Wireless MAN, | Wireless LAN, Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN), Wireless MAN, | |||
| Wireless Coexistence, Media Independent Handover Services, and | Wireless Coexistence, Media Independent Handover Services, and | |||
| Wireless Radio Access Network (RAN). An individual working group | Wireless Radio Access Network (RAN). An individual working group | |||
| provides the focus for each area. | provides the focus for each area. | |||
| The IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) standards define the underlying | The IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) standards define the underlying | |||
| Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layers for the Wi-Fi | Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layers for the Wi-Fi | |||
| technology. While previous 802.11 generations, such as 802.11n and | technology. While previous 802.11 generations, such as 802.11n and | |||
| 802.11ac, focused mainly on improving peak throughput, more recent | 802.11ac, focused mainly on improving peak throughput, more recent | |||
| generations are also considering other performance vectors, such as | generations are also considering other performance vectors, such as | |||
| efficiency enhancements for dense environments in IEEEE Std 802.11ax | efficiency enhancements for dense environments in IEEE Std 802.11ax | |||
| [IEEE802.11ax] (approved in 2021) and throughput, latency, and | [IEEE802.11ax] (approved in 2021) and throughput, latency, and | |||
| reliability enhancements in IEEE Std 802.11be [IEEE802.11be] | reliability enhancements in IEEE Std 802.11be [IEEE802.11be] | |||
| (approved in 2024). | (approved in 2024). | |||
| IEEE Std 802.11-2012 includes support for TSN time synchronization | IEEE Std 802.11-2012 includes support for TSN time synchronization | |||
| based on IEEE 802.1AS over the 802.11 Timing Measurement protocol. | based on IEEE 802.1AS over the 802.11 Timing Measurement protocol. | |||
| IEEE Std 802.11-2016 additionally includes an extension to the | IEEE Std 802.11-2016 additionally includes an extension to the | |||
| 802.1AS operation over 802.11 for Fine Timing Measurement (FTM), as | 802.1AS operation over 802.11 for Fine Timing Measurement (FTM), as | |||
| well as the Stream Reservation Protocol (IEEE 802.1Qat). 802.11 WLANs | well as the Stream Reservation Protocol (IEEE 802.1Qat). 802.11 WLANs | |||
| can also be part of 802.1Q bridged networks with enhancements enabled | can also be part of 802.1Q bridged networks with enhancements enabled | |||
| skipping to change at line 2142 ¶ | skipping to change at line 2142 ¶ | |||
| its radio cell. | its radio cell. | |||
| The user data rate of LDACS is 315 kbit/s to 1428 kbit/s on the | The user data rate of LDACS is 315 kbit/s to 1428 kbit/s on the | |||
| forward link (FL) and 294 kbit/s to 1390 kbit/s on the reverse link | forward link (FL) and 294 kbit/s to 1390 kbit/s on the reverse link | |||
| (RL), depending on coding and modulation. Due to strong interference | (RL), depending on coding and modulation. Due to strong interference | |||
| from legacy systems in the L-band, the most robust coding and | from legacy systems in the L-band, the most robust coding and | |||
| modulation should be expected for initial deployment, i.e., 315 kbit/ | modulation should be expected for initial deployment, i.e., 315 kbit/ | |||
| s on the FL and 294 kbit/s on the RL. | s on the FL and 294 kbit/s on the RL. | |||
| In addition to the communications capability, LDACS also offers a | In addition to the communications capability, LDACS also offers a | |||
| navigation capability. Ranging data, similar to DME (Distance | navigation capability. Ranging data, similar to Distance Measuring | |||
| Measuring Equipment), is extracted from the LDACS communication links | Equipment (DME), is extracted from the LDACS communication links | |||
| between aircraft and LDACS ground stations. This results in LDACS | between aircraft and LDACS ground stations. This results in LDACS | |||
| providing an APNT (Alternative Position, Navigation and Timing) | providing an Alternative Position, Navigation, and Timing (APNT) | |||
| capability to supplement the existing on-board GNSS (Global | capability to supplement the existing on-board Global Navigation | |||
| Navigation Satellite System) without the need for additional | Satellite System (GNSS) without the need for additional bandwidth. | |||
| bandwidth. Operationally, there will be no difference for pilots | Operationally, there will be no difference for pilots whether the | |||
| whether the navigation data are provided by LDACS or DME. This | navigation data are provided by LDACS or DME. This capability was | |||
| capability was flight tested and proven during the MICONAV flight | flight tested and proven during the MICONAV flight trials in 2019 | |||
| trials in 2019 [BAT19]. | [BAT19]. | |||
| In previous works and during the MICONAV flight campaign in 2019, it | In previous works and during the MICONAV flight campaign in 2019, it | |||
| was also shown that LDACS can be used for surveillance capability. | was also shown that LDACS can be used for surveillance capability. | |||
| Filip et al. [FIL19] have shown the passive radar capabilities of | Filip et al. [FIL19] have shown the passive radar capabilities of | |||
| LDACS, and Automatic Dependence Surveillance - Contract (ADS-C) was | LDACS, and Automatic Dependence Surveillance - Contract (ADS-C) was | |||
| demonstrated via LDACS during the flight campaign 2019 [SCH19]. | demonstrated via LDACS during the flight campaign 2019 [SCH19]. | |||
| Since LDACS has been mainly designed for air traffic management | Since LDACS has been mainly designed for air traffic management | |||
| communication, it supports mutual entity authentication, integrity | communication, it supports mutual entity authentication, integrity | |||
| and confidentiality capabilities of user data messages, and some | and confidentiality capabilities of user data messages, and some | |||
| End of changes. 4 change blocks. | ||||
| 11 lines changed or deleted | 11 lines changed or added | |||
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